plastic Keine weiteren ein Geheimnis
plastic Keine weiteren ein Geheimnis
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Masterbatch granules can be mixed with cheaper bulk polymer and will release their additives during processing to give a homogeneous final product. This can be cheaper than working with a fully compounded material and is particularly common for the introduction of color.
A huge number of plastics exist beyond the commodity plastics, with many having exceptional properties.
Additives are chemicals blended into plastics to change their performance or appearance, making it possible to alter the properties of plastics to better suit their intended applications.[31][32] Additives are therefore one of the reasons why plastic is used so widely.
Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives.[1]
Plastic compounding scheme for a thermosoftening material Plastic is not sold as a pure unadulterated substance, but is instead mixed with various chemicals and other materials, which are collectively known as additives. These are added during the compounding stage and include substances such as stabilizers, plasticizers and dyes, which are intended to improve the lifespan, workability or appearance of the final item.
Plastic recycling is low hinein the waste hierarchy, meaning that reduction and reuse are more favourable and long-term solutions for sustainability.
Rein the plastic-polluted waters of the Sargasso Sea, bacteria have been found that consume various types of plastic; however, it is unknown to what extent these bacteria effectively clean up poisons rather than simply release them into the marine microbial ecosystem.
Historically, Europe and North America have dominated global plastics production. However, since 2010 Asia has emerged as a significant producer, with China accounting for 31% of total plastic resin production in 2020.[29] Regional differences rein the volume of plastics production are driven by user demand, the price of fossil fuel feedstocks, and investments made hinein the petrochemical industry.
High-performance plastics are usually expensive, with their use limited to specialized applications which make use of their superior properties.
Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Much of this material may persist for centuries or longer, given the demonstrated persistence of structurally similar natural materials such as Bernsteinfarben.
The discovery of polyethylene terephthalate is credited to employees of the Calico Printers' Association in the UK hinein 1941; it welches licensed to DuPont for the US and ICI otherwise, and as one of the few plastics appropriate as a replacement for glass rein many circumstances, resulting rein widespread use for bottles rein Europe.
The success and dominance of plastics starting hinein the early 20th century has caused widespread environmental problems,[3] due to their slow decomposition Tarif hinein natural ecosystems. Most plastic produced has not been reused, or is incapable of reuse, either being captured hinein landfills or persisting rein the environment as plastic pollution and microplastics.
Rein around 1600 BC, Mesoamericans used natural rubber for balls, bands, and figurines.[4] Treated cattle horns were used as more info windows for lanterns rein the Middle Ages. Materials that mimicked the properties of horns were developed by treating milk proteins with lye. Rein the nineteenth century, as chemistry developed during the Industrial Revolution, many materials were reported. The development of plastics accelerated with Charles Goodyear's 1839 discovery of vulcanization to harden natural rubber.
Almost all recycling is mechanical and involves the melting and reforming of plastic into other items. This can cause polymer degradation at the molecular level, and requires that waste be sorted by colour and polymer type before processing, which is often complicated and expensive.
Microbial species capable of degrading plastics are known to science, some of which are potentially useful for disposal of certain classes of plastic waste.